Colony | 1929 | 1938 | 1952 |
British | |||
Burma | 6 | 4 | 9 |
Straits Settlements/ Singaporea | 29 | 30(16)b | 63 |
Federated Malay States | 28 | 17 | 42 |
Unfederated Malay States | 11 | 10 | a |
Brunei | n.a | 20 | 465 |
North Bornea(Sabah) | n.a | 6 | 25 |
Sarawak | n.a | 5 | 29 |
Other | |||
Taiwan | 16 | 12 | 27 |
Philippines | 6b | 5c | 12 |
Indonesia | 5 | 4 | 9 |
Thailand | 4 | 3 | 8 |
Vietnam | 3 | 2 | 3 (1950) |
US GDP Deflator | 115 | 100 | 199 |
Sources: 1929 and 1938: Taiwan: Mizoguchi and Umemura (1988: 288); Vietnam: Bassino (2000: 286-88); Netherlands Indies: Creutzberg (1976), population data from van der Eng (2002); Philippines: Commonwealth of the Philippines (1941), Table 100 and Birnberg and Resnick (1975); Thailand: Ingram (1971:329-337); Burma: Andrus (1948: Table 37); Federated Malay States, Straits Settlements: Department of Statistics (1939), with additional data from Colonial Office (1955: 33-56). Brunei, Sarawak and Sabah: Colonial Office (1955: 107, 125, 146)
1952: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics various issues between 1952 and 1958, with additional data for Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Brunei, Sabah and Sarawak from Colonial Office (1955: 33, 56, 107, 125, 146) and for Philippines and Indonesia from Central Bank of the Philippines (1956); Bank Indonesia (1956).
Exchange rate for Taiwan in 1952 from Sato et al (2008: 369). Other exchange rates from van Laanen (1980: Table 8) and Bidwell (1970).
Country | All taxes | Land taxes | Income taxes | Excises |
Burma | 81.4 | 33.0 | 11.6 | 14 |
N.Borneo | 72.5 | 16.7 | 0 | b |
Philippines | 64.0 | n.a | 28.3(19.3) | 17.1 |
Indonesia | 62.8 | 6.7 | 22.0 | 13.8 |
Thailand | 61.5 | 6.3 | 8.6(6.5) | 15.0(8.7) |
Sarawak | 58.8 | 0 | 0 | b |
Vietnam | 58.7 | n.a | 10.0 | 17.0 |
FMS | 49.3 | 0 | 0 | 11.1(8.3) |
Burnei | 36.8 | 0 | 0 | b |
Straits Settlements | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27.1(9.2) |
Sector | Philippines | Siam | Indonesia | Federated Malay States |
Education | 28 | 6 | 9 | 5 |
Health | 8 | 2 | 3 | 15 |
Public works | 8 | 12 | 6 | 20 |
Agriculture | 10 | 3 | 1 | 8 |
Administration | 31(8) | 45(9) | 38(6) | 34(6) |
Military | 0 | 22 | 26 | 2 |
Public debt | 12 | 9 | 13 | 9 |
Other | 3 | 1 | 4 | 7 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Country | Males | Females | Total |
Ceylon | |||
1946 | 22.1 | 54.8 | 37.0 |
Philippines | |||
1939 | 45.6 | 58.9 | 52.3 |
1948 | 35.9 | 43.8 | 40.0 |
Thailand | |||
1937 | 52.8 | 85.1 | 68.8 |
1947 | 32.6 | 59.9 | 46.3 |
Singapore | |||
1947 | 35.3 | 77.5 | 53.5 |
Malayan Federation | |||
1947:All races | 43.0 | 83.5 | 61.6 |
Malays | 49.7 | 88.3 | 69.1 |
Chinese | 37.0 | 79.1 | 55.6 |
Indians | 37.6 | 78.8 | 51.3 |
Burma | |||
1931 | 44.0 | 83.5 | n.a |
Burmans | 28.3 | 79.0 | n.a |
Conclusion